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Inaction and Accountability: Government’s Role in the Ongoing Galamsey Crisis. Part 2

PART 2: Silencing Dissent and Calls for Reforms

Author: Daryl Bosu. Environmental Advocate

 

The President’s Contradictory Role in Environmental Stewardship

In his inaugural address into Office as President of the 4th Republic of Ghana, President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo pledged to protect Ghana’s environment, declaring that “we do not own the land, but hold it in trust for generations yet unborn.” This resonated with Ghanaians, who believed he would lead a responsible approach to resource management. However, the lack of progress on commitments from the 2021 National Consultative Dialogue suggests otherwise.

Despite promises to protect Ghana’s natural heritage, the Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo led administration has allowed the unregulated mining sector to thrive, effectively making the government the “chief activist” for the very destruction he vowed to prevent. The reality is that there has been little intention to act on these promises, as evidenced by political justifications to delay the fight against galamsey until after the 2024 elections. This inaction points to a troubling alignment between the government’s priorities and short-term political interests, with severe consequences for Ghana’s future.

Silencing Dissent and Rising Social Unrest

In 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo encouraged Ghanaians to be “citizens, not spectators,” urging them to hold the government accountable. Yet, those who have voiced opposition to galamsey have been met with hostility and suppression. Public demonstrations against illegal mining are often stifled, with activists facing detainment and harassment, discouraging future dissent. The government’s actions contrast sharply with the President’s assurances that Ghana would be governed by “freedom and justice.”

The heavy-handed police response to citizen-led demonstrations by groups like Democracy Hub, along with the injustices during the arrest and detention of demonstrators, journalists as well as community environmental right defenders, serves as a stark testament to the government’s complicity. Communities have even seen police-assisted impositions of “community mining,” despite their vocal opposition. These acts of suppression reveal a government willing to sideline public welfare for profit, at the expense of citizens’ rights and freedoms.

Meanwhile, unchecked galamsey has created an atmosphere of social insecurity, stoking public anxiety over health risks as illegal mining continues to contaminate food and water systems. Mining hotspots have seen rising incidence of crime and the proliferation of arms, threatening the security of affected communities. The President’s stated vision of a peaceful and prosperous Ghana rings hollow for those living amidst the dangers posed by illegal mining.

A Failure to Translate Promises into Action

In his inaugural speech, President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo also praised the resolve of Ghana’s founding fathers, who sought to build a nation anchored in principles of justice and respect for all citizens. He highlighted J.B Danquah’s vision of government as a force for “the enrichment of life, property, and liberty.” Yet, his administration has failed to uphold these ideals, allowing environmental exploitation to proceed unchecked. The National Consultative Dialogue was a defining moment, presenting a roadmap for responsible governance of natural resources, but the lack of follow-through on its resolutions has reduced these promises to mere words. We now have on our hands, the most devastating environmental crisis

Holding Civil and State Officials Accountable for Negligence and Incompetence

The responsibility of tackling the galamsey crisis should not fall solely on the shoulders of the Executive, despite its significant power to appoint heads of key institutions. It is time to extend this accountability to the civil servants and appointed officials serving in crucial agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Water Resources Commission, Minerals Commission, Local Government Authority, and the Decentralized Police Command. Too often, these individuals have neglected their duty of care and responsibility to the public, instead choosing to collude with illegal actors, enabling the abuse of community rights and exposing citizens to further harm. This negligence has contributed to the unchecked rise of unprecedented impunity in the mining sector, ever in the history of Ghana.

It is high time that each appointed state official be held fully accountable for administrative negligence and incompetence, particularly when their inaction directly perpetuates illegal activities in their areas of oversight. These officials must bear the consequences of failing to fulfill their responsibilities. However, this should not absolve the Executive from its direct role when appointed officers fail to carry out their mandates effectively. We cannot continue in a society where responsibility is shifted solely to the Executive, while state officers, empowered with the capacity to exercise administrative discretion, remain free from accountability. The failure to hold appointed District Chief Executives (DCEs) and Police Officers accountable for the persistence of galamsey within their jurisdictions represents a critical oversight that must be rectified. Moving forward, it is imperative that accountability for administrative negligence in the fight against illegal mining be made a fundamental principle of governance. Incompetent or negligent officials must face strict consequences, including mandatory resignation, to ensure that those entrusted with public office fulfil their duties with the necessary competence and integrity. This policy should be enforced consistently to establish a culture of accountability and deter further complacency in the fight against galamsey.

Sustain Media and Civil Society Calls for Accountability

Despite the government’s failure to honor its environmental promises, the media and civil society must continue to advocate for accountability. Journalists and environmental advocates highlight the contradictions between the President’s statements and his administration’s actions, exposing the dire consequences of illegal mining. The media serves as a crucial counterpoint to government neglect, providing a platform for citizens demanding responsible management of Ghana’s resources.

Call for Just and Equitable Mineral Governance Reforms

The 2021 National Consultative Dialogue was a critical moment for Ghana’s environmental policy, representing a shared commitment to responsible and sustainable mining practices. However, the government’s failure to honor these promises undermines its credibility and leaves citizens disappointed. As demands from Ghanaians in 2024 reveal, citizens are still waiting for the government to uphold its promises, reflecting widespread frustration with an administration seemingly complicit in environmental degradation.

The disparity between the 2021 commitments and the government’s current inaction speaks to a systemic disregard for the voices and well-being of Ghanaians. The government must urgently address the demands for a state of emergency on galamsey, halt mining in protected areas, enforce laws rigorously, and ensure that those who violate environmental laws face justice.

The ongoing disregard for Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) within Ghana’s mining sector is an affront and a violation of community rights and one that threatens the very foundation of just and equitable mineral governance. Equally troubling is the state’s abuse of eminent domain, where the government compulsorily acquires community lands without adequate consultation or compensation, undermining local autonomy and violating the rights of Ghanaians who depend on their lands for their livelihoods and cultural heritage. These actions reflect a mining regime that prioritizes profit over people, favoring industry interests over the voices and well-being of affected communities.

To ensure justice, Ghana’s mineral governance must embody true public-centered reforms. Upholding Free Prior and Informed Consent, respecting community lands, and committing to sustainable practices are non-negotiable, as they are essential pillars for a fair and responsible mining policy.

Ghanaians deserve leaders who will honor these commitments and protect the country’s ecological and social prosperity into the future. The call for genuine reform is urgent and imperative to Ghana’ sustainable future. Anything less would betray the trust of the people and compromise the legacy we hold in trust for generations yet unborn.

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Inaction and Accountability: Government’s Role in the Ongoing Galamsey Crisis. Part 1

PART 1 – The Crisis Deepens

Author: Daryl Bosu. Environmental Advocate

 

Introduction

Illegal mining (galamsey) has become one of Ghana’s most pressing national crises, destroying ecosystems, undermining public health, and eroding opportunities in agriculture and other land-based economic sectors. The impacts of galamsey extend deeply into everyday life, communities suffer elevated health risks from polluted water and air, water sources are increasingly being contaminated while scarcity looms, and cocoa production which is one of Ghana’s economic pillars is declining. Again, once protected lush forests are now scarred with abandoned pits, rivers are poisoned with mercury and cyanide, and agricultural lands lie barren, leading to reduced yields for both staple and cash crops. The devastating impacts of galamsey on water, agriculture, health, and the environment, threatens the core of Ghana’s development and the well-being of its citizens.

 

The consequences of galamsey also undermine national environmental sustainability initiatives, such as Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT), Emissions Reduction Programs, Climate Adaptation measures, the Planting for Food and Jobs program, and forest landscape restoration. These initiatives supported by government and civil society alike are greatly undermined, as a result of loss of additionality and any expected meaningful impact negated by the damage caused by galamsey.

The 2021 National Consultative Dialogue on Small-Scale Mining

In 2021, the government convened the National Consultative Dialogue on Small-Scale Mining in response to citizen pressure and the failure of prior interventions, including the small-scale mining ban (2017–2018) and the Operation Vanguard initiative. The Dialogue brought together government agencies, traditional authorities, civil society organizations, and industry stakeholders in an unprecedented attempt to foster a “responsible, viable, environmentally sustainable” mining sector. The event concluded with a Communiqué, where the government committed to reforms to protect water bodies, preserve forests, enforce strict regulations, and ultimately curb illegal mining.

Yet, three years on, these commitments have yielded little action, despite citizens’ continued outcry. The voices of Ghanaians expressed through statements, publications, and public demonstrationsnow repeat the same demands. Meanwhile, the crisis has deepened, with the state machinery appearing openly complicit. This suggests a government seemingly more focused on profit-driven interests, where the phrase “party hia sika” (the party needs money) rings true, rather than safeguarding the long-term well-being of all Ghanaians, both now and in the future.

The 2021 Commitments and Citizens’ 2024 Demands: A Stark Contrast

The commitments outlined in the 2021 National Consultative Dialogue were intended to address the very concerns Ghanaians continue to voice today. The Dialogue established principles and actions to protect water bodies, enforce regulations, and promote environmental stewardship. However, as citizen demands in 2024 reveal, these commitments have yet to materialize into real action, suggesting the government may never have intended to follow through. The assurances made were merely a façade. Key areas of unfulfilled commitments include:

  • Declaration of a National Emergency on Galamsey: In 2021, the Dialogue recognized galamsey as a national emergency and called for an urgent, unified response. Citizens demanded this designation to mobilize resources for swift and coordinated action. However, the government failed to declare a state of emergency, allowing the crisis to worsen without the necessary institutional focus. This lack of action highlights a troubling gap between the government’s promises and its willingness to address this urgent issue.

 

  • Commitment to Halt Mining in Forest Reserves and Water Bodies: The Dialogue emphasized the urgent need to protect Ghana’s forests and water bodies from mining activities. The Minister for Lands and Natural Resources assured citizens that rivers and forest reserves were “red zones” and “no-go” areas for mining. Ghanaians have repeatedly called for a total halt to mining in sensitive areas, a demand reflected in the Dialogue’s recommendations. Yet, licenses continue to be issued for mining in these crucial zones, undermining environmental protections and violating the commitments made in 2021. The continued mining in forest reserves disregards the Dialogue’s resolutions and demonstrates a profound lack of commitment to Ghana’s environmental legacy. The nail in the coffin was when the government actively passed LI 2462 in November 2022, under the pretense of strengthening protections for forest reserves. However, harmful provisions and subtle yet deceptive clauses were discreetly embedded in the legislative process, introducing damaging elements under the radar. Immediately after LI 2462 came into effect, mining lease applications flooded in for protected areas of globally significant biodiversity and ecosystems. Alarmingly, some proposals even considered mining within sections of the renowned Kakum National Park.

 

  • Evacuation of Mining Equipment and Enforcement of Strict Law: The Dialogue emphasized removing illegal mining equipment from protected areas and enforcing strict measures to curb galamsey. This was intended to deter violators and protect vulnerable landscapes. Yet, the limited enforcement efforts that followed were largely symbolic, failing to dismantle illegal mining operations. The gap between the government’s promises and its inadequate enforcement has left Ghana’s landscapes increasingly vulnerable, as mining activities continue unchecked.

 

  • Establishment of Special Courts for Illegal Mining Cases: Recognizing the need for swift and targeted justice, the Dialogue called for the creation of special courts dedicated to illegal mining cases. In response, the government established only four courts, far too few to address the scale of illegal mining in Ghana. Ghanaians’ demands for broader judicial intervention have been ignored, allowing many violators to escape justice. This limited judicial reach highlights the government’s lack of commitment to upholding the rule of law and protecting public resources.

 

Closing Reflections

The disparity between the government’s commitments and its actions has left Ghanaians disillusioned. The promises of the 2021 National Consultative Dialogue remain unfulfilled, forcing citizens to repeatedly demand the same protections outlined in that Dialogue. The gap between the government’s rhetoric and its inaction signals a troubling disregard for the well-being of Ghana’s people and environment.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fire management

A Rocha Ghana and UK Wildfires Centre host Fire Management Workshop

In an inspiring initiative aimed at fostering sustainable practices in Northern Ghana, A Rocha Ghana recently partnered with the UK-based Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society to host a groundbreaking two-day workshop on equitable fire management.

The workshop which took place this month at Damongo in the Savannah Region, brought together a diverse array of stakeholders, showcasing a collective commitment to addressing the complexities of fire management in the region.

Participants were drawn from government institutions, NGOs, academia, the private sector, traditional authorities, and local livelihood groups, all of whom share a vested interest in the intricate relationship between fire and landscape in Northern Ghana.

With a focus on participatory approaches, discussions revolved around the various types of landscape fires, their ecological roles, and the socio-economic factors influencing fire management practices.

Fire management

Fire management is more than just an environmental concern; it is vital for the preservation of unique ecosystems and the livelihoods of communities that depend on these landscapes. The rich biodiversity of Northern Ghana’s savannas and forests has evolved alongside naturally occurring fires, yet the increasing impact of human activity and climate change has disrupted these patterns. This workshop aimed to bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and modern scientific understanding of fire, emphasizing the need for comprehensive management strategies.

In a keynote address, Rahina Sidiki Alare, a PhD student at King’s College London whose research delves into fire governance within the Savannah landscapes highlighted a pressing issue—the disconnect between national fire policies and local burning practices.  According to her, “the way we manage fires in Northern Ghana has marginalized certain livelihoods, which could lead to more destructive fires.” “The workshop’s goal is to bridge this gap, ensuring fire management is effective and adaptable while being inclusive,” she added.

A Rocha Ghana’s Northern Sector Project Manager, Mr. Godwin Evenyo Dzekoto echoed this sentiment, stressing the importance of integrating traditional fire knowledge with scientific methods. “The Savannah region needs fire for ecological balance,” he remarked, underlining the necessity for a collaborative approach that respects and utilizes indigenous practices alongside contemporary science.

Hands-on

A highlight of the workshop was the use of ‘rich pictures’—participatory drawings that allowed participants to express their perceptions of fire in their landscapes. This creative exercise not only facilitated dialogue but also illuminated the need to include marginalized voices, such as herders and hunters, in fire management strategies.

The artistic contributions from these sessions will soon take the form of a mural billboard, created by international artist Daniel Kweku Anetang, which will be mounted in the Savannah Region. This mural will serve as a lasting reminder of the collective effort to harmonize fire management practices.

Network for Sustainable Practices

Thanks to funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) Impact Accelerator Award and the Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, the workshop concluded by establishing an inclusive network of fire management practitioners.

This network aims to spearhead future projects that promote sustainable fire practices, ultimately benefiting both the environment and the communities that rely on it.

As Northern Ghana navigates the complexities of fire management, efforts like this workshop stand as a beacon of hope—demonstrating that with collaboration and inclusivity, sustainable practices can thrive, ensuring a richer, more balanced ecosystem for generations to come.

Extractives, Business and Human Rights

We are diligently striving to promote sustainable and equitable environmental management, as well as effective governance of natural resources by communities, the government, and private sector actors in Ghana. Through our initiatives, we prioritize the adherence to human rights, transparency, accountability, and respect for communities’ rights in mineral governance.

By fostering collaborative efforts, we aim to enhance the capacity of local communities to participate actively in decision-making processes that affect their environment and livelihoods.

Education and Awareness creation

Education and awareness programs are key components of our strategy, empowering individuals with the knowledge and tools they need to advocate for their rights and sustainable practices.

Our projects also emphasize the importance of preserving biodiversity and protecting ecosystems. We work closely with conservation organizations to develop and implement strategies that safeguard critical habitats and promote the sustainable use of natural resources.

Furthermore, we support the development of policies that encourage responsible mining practices, ensuring that economic benefits are shared equitably and environmental impacts are minimized.

By engaging with all stakeholders, including marginalized groups, we strive to create a more just and sustainable future for all.

Corporate Engagement for ESG.

A Rocha Ghana is actively promoting environmental sustainability through our Corporate Engagement initiatives, helping businesses recognize the importance of nature. To date, we have collaborated with more than 70 businesses. Through these partnerships, we have implemented various  projects that not only protect biodiversity but also enhance the corporate social responsibility profiles of these companies. We offer tailored workshops and training sessions that equip businesses with the knowledge and tools needed to adopt eco-friendly practices. By integrating sustainability into their core operations, companies can reduce their carbon footprint, minimize waste, and contribute positively to the global environmental agenda.  

Business in Environmental Stewardship Network (BESNet)

 

BESNet is a business network coordinated by A Rocha Ghana in collaboration with IUCN Ghana. It has a membership of 34 businesses and has engaged a further 20. The network is committed to promoting and supporting natural capital inclusion,  security in business development, and company production value chains. 

Green Corporate Star Awards

A Rocha Ghana (ARG) has partnered with EMY Africa for the past six years to acknowledge and reward businesses or corporate entities that prioritize green practices and environmental sustainability in their operations. This collaboration also aims to support green initiatives that align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 3, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.

The award serves to emphasize the importance of business leaders and corporate organizations in championing environmental sustainability while they focus on their primary objective of generating profit.

2023 GCS Award Winners-The Good Roll
2022 GCS Award Winners-Coliba
2021 GCS Award Winners- Zaacoal
2020 GCS Award Winner- Nelplast Ghana
2019 GCS Award Winner- Guinness Ghana
2018 GCS Award Winner- Blue Skies
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A Rocha Ghana and 5 other CSOs Sue Gov’t Over LI2462

A Rocha Ghana, along with five other civil society organizations (CSOs) and a private individual, would like to notify the public that a Writ of Summons and an Application for an Interlocutory Injunction have been submitted to the High Court against the following parties:

  1. The Minister for Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation
  2. The Environmental Protection Agency
  3. The Minister for Lands and Natural Resources
  4. The Minerals Commission
  5. The Speaker of Parliament
  6. The Attorney-General

This legal action, representing a collaborative effort by A Rocha Ghana, Nature and Development Foundation, Civic Response, EcoConscious Citizens, Kasa Initiative Ghana, Tropenbos Ghana, and Ken Ashigbey (Convenor of the Media Coalition Against Galamsey), aims to safeguard Ghana’s forest reserves from the harmful impacts of mining.

To highlight the situation, a total of 24 Forest Reserves, including seven areas of Global Significance for Biodiversity, either currently have a mining lease granted within their borders or have a mining lease or prospecting license application pending validation.

This legal action seeks to challenge and halt mining activities in Ghana’s forest reserves. In this connection, we have raised serious concerns about the legality of the Environmental Protection (Mining in Forest Reserves) Regulations, 2022 (L.I. 2462).

  1. First, we contend that L.I. 2462 which allows mining in Forest Reserves, is in conflict with the provisions of the Minerals and Mining Act, 2006 (Act 703), and the Forests Act, 1927 (CAP 157), both of which protect forest reserves from being subject to mining activities.
  2. Secondly, L.I. 2462 is unlawful because it was laid in Parliament without the required fiscal impact analysis. This violates the Public Financial Management Act, 2016 (Act 921).

In sum, the legal action and the application for injunction filed aim to:

  1. Prevent the issuance of any further permits or licenses under the disputed regulations allowing mining activities in forest reserves.
  2. Restrain any person or entity holding such licenses from continuing or initiating mining activities in forest reserves.
  3. Prevent the exercise of presidential powers to approve mining in globally significant biodiversity areas, pending the Court’s final decision.

Read More HERE

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BRACE Trains Over 100 Participants In Land Rights, Extractive and Environmental Laws

In August, the BRACE project in Ghana launched a series of training sessions to disseminate knowledge and awareness to several stakeholders on natural resource governance and environmental rights protection in the extractives sector.

The trainings, conducted in the Eastern, Western, and Ashanti regions, attracted over 100 participants from approximately 63 target groups across more than 100 diverse mining communities. The main goal was to empower them to support sustainable practices and uphold accountability in the extractive industries.

Led by legal experts from Merton & Everette LLP, the workshops aimed to enhance target stakeholders’ knowledge in extractive sector local and international policy and legal frameworks, skills in evidence gathering, advocating for environmental rights, and ensuring accountability for environmental breaches.

 

Training Models

During the training, a variety of topics were covered, including national and international legislation and mechanisms that protect environmental rights and other human rights such as the constitution of Ghana, UN Resolutions of Human Rights to a Healthy Environment, the right to Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC), and methods for effective advocacy and negotiation.

While issues of licensing were addressed, trainers also took time to discuss people’s rights to compensation when lands and resources will be or have been damaged by mining.

They further took participants through the roles and responsibilities of Ghana’s duty bearers and regulatory agencies like the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ); Forestry Commission (FC); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Minerals Commission amongst others in upholding and defending human rights and in ensuring good environmental management and natural resource governance.

Attendees were schooled on organizing a peace protest, obtaining information, and requesting a town hall meeting. The training referred to these as Avenues for Collective Action.

Interactive sessions and role-playing exercises were incorporated to ensure the practical application of the theoretical knowledge gained. These activities helped participants develop confidence in their newfound skills and prepared them to face real-world challenges effectively.

Now equipped with knowledge, these community members understand the importance of their consent for any projects impacting their lands, resources, and livelihoods.


Participants

Participants were drawn from major target groups from the BRACE target regions and communities. They included members of the traditional council, youth leaders, women’s groups, the media, NGOs/CBOs amongst others.

Participants shared their experiences and insights, fostering a strong sense of solidarity and mutual support among the various communities represented. The workshop also provided a platform for networking and collaboration, encouraging the formation of alliances to strengthen collective efforts in environmental advocacy.

As the workshop concluded, there was a palpable sense of optimism and determination. Community leaders expressed their gratitude for the opportunity to learn and grow, vowing to return to their communities with renewed vigor and a clear action plan.

The success of the BRACE Project training was a testament to the power of knowledge empowerment and collective action in driving positive change.

The groundwork laid by this workshop has set the stage for a brighter future where environmental rights are respected, and local voices are heard and heeded.


A Need to Join Forces

Speaking on the sidelines of the training, Lead lawyer, Oliver Barker-Vormawo said his firm was privileged to be part of leading the fight against illegal mining through the training programme and encouraged others to join forces in tackling the issue.

Barker-Vormawo emphasized that while democracy may lead to differing opinions, unity is crucial when it comes to environmental issues. The visible impact of environmental depletion he said, requires collaboration across various sectors – including the media, legal professionals, community leaders, and chiefs – to combat this threat.

“Maybe with our efforts, we can secure the environment for generations to come and they would not have to go through what we are going through,” he added.

 

Coordinator for the BRACE project, Daryl Bosu highlighted the need for such intense training. According to him, the mining industry had seen such a boom that so many communities have been adversely affected leaving entire communities in dire situations.

“We are not against mining but we also recognize the widespread impact it has had on many communities nationwide. Mining activities have led to the devastation of water bodies and forest reserves, as well as significant human rights violations in affected areas,” Mr Bosu said.

He added, “The encroachment of miners on agricultural lands is evident. It is crucial for communities to be informed about the proper and legal practices that should govern mining operations, ensuring progress without causing harm.”

 

About BRACE

BRACE is a three-year project funded by the European Union and implemented by a consortium of not-for-profit organisations Wacam and Nature and Development Foundation and led by A Rocha Ghana.

The project aims to ensure adherence to human rights, transparency, and accountability in mineral governance by contributing to sustainable and equitable environmental management and good natural resource governance in Ghana.

Kyebi Training

Esiama

Kumasi

Resilience Against Climate Change (REACH) Project

European Union (EU) and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) co-funded, Resilience Against Climate Change (REACH) project being implemented in Northern Ghana.

Project Context

The project aims to address the increasing effects of climate change on the agricultural sector in Northern Ghana by enhancing resilience and promoting sustainable development in the sector.

Overall, the REACH project is targeted at enabling a sustainable and inclusive improvement in the rural economy through enhanced implementation of gender-sensitive climate adaptation practices in the EUGAP targeted communities in Northern Ghana by 2025, with a particular focus on smallholder farmers.

Achievements

  • Establishment and support to Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLAs),
  • Conservation Agriculture (CA)
  • Agroforestry
  • Community Fire Management.